4PM Galactomyces Niacinamide Serum Versus Dermorepubliq 5% Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate + 2% Niacinamide + Hyaluronic Acid Serum

4PM Galactomyces Niacinamide Serum Versus Dermorepubliq 5% Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate + 2% Niacinamide + Hyaluronic Acid Serum

This brightening serum is formulated around Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate and Niacinamide to fade the look of dark spots and balance excess oil.

This calming serum is formulated around Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate and Niacinamide to calm redness and fade the look of dark spots.

What's inside

Key Ingredients

Benefits

Concerns

Ingredients Side-by-side

Water

Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate 10%

Niacinamide 10%

Isopentyldiol

1,2-Hexanediol

Zinc PCA

Xanthan Gum

Zanthoxylum Piperitum Fruit Extract

Lonicera Japonica Flower Extract

Glycerin

Pulsatilla Koreana Extract

Citrus Paradisi Fruit Extract

Ethylhexylglycerin

Water, Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate 10%, Niacinamide 10%, Isopentyldiol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Zinc PCA, Xanthan Gum, Zanthoxylum Piperitum Fruit Extract, Lonicera Japonica Flower Extract, Glycerin, Pulsatilla Koreana Extract, Citrus Paradisi Fruit Extract, Ethylhexylglycerin

Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate

Propylene Glycol

Niacinamide

Centella Asiatica Leaf

Extracts

Snail Secretion Filtrate

Phenoxyethanol

Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract

Hydroxyethylcellulose

Sodium Hyaluronate

Allantoin

Water, Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate, Propylene Glycol, Niacinamide, Centella Asiatica Leaf, Extracts, Snail Secretion Filtrate, Glycerin, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol, Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Sodium Hyaluronate, Allantoin

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Ingredients Explained

These ingredients are found in both products.

Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.

Ethylhexylglycerin is created from glycerin. It is a multitasker ingredient that:

The CIR Expert Panel found minimal skin absorption or sensitization of any kind in a safety assessment. Though this ingredient is considered well-tolerated, a small number of cases of allergic dermatitis have been published since 2002. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure.

Industry-reported use ranges from 8% in rinse-off products and 2% in leave-on formulations.

Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.

Topically, glycerin does several things at once:

Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.

Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.

This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.

Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.

Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.

Niacinamide is a multitasking form of vitamin B3 that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces pores and dark spots, regulates oil, and improves signs of aging.

And the best part? It's gentle and well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive and reactive skin.

You might have heard of "niacin flush", or the reddening of skin that causes itchiness. Niacinamide has not been found to cause this.

In very rare cases, some individuals may not be able to tolerate niacinamide at all or experience an allergic reaction to it.

If you are experiencing flaking, irritation, and dryness with this ingredient, be sure to double check all your products as this ingredient can be found in all categories of skincare.

When incorporating niacinamide into your routine, look out for concentration amounts. Typically, 5% niacinamide provides benefits such as fading dark spots. However, if you have sensitive skin, it is better to begin with a smaller concentration.

When you apply niacinamide to your skin, your body converts it into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is an essential coenzyme that is already found in your cells as "fuel" and powers countless biological processes.

In your skin, NAD helps repair cell damage, produce new healthy cells, support collagen production, strengthen the skin barrier, and fight environmental stressors (like UV and pollution).

Our natural NAD levels start to decline with age, leading to slower skin repair, visible aging, and a weaker skin barrier. By providing your skin niacinamide, you're recharging your skin's NAD levels. This leads to stronger, healthier, and younger looking skin.

Another name for vitamin B3 is nicotinamide. This vitamin is water-soluble and our bodies don't store it. We obtain Vitamin B3 from either food or skincare. Meat, fish, wheat, yeast, and leafy greens contain vitamin B3.

The type of niacinamide used in skincare is synthetically created.

Water. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.

So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.

You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!

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