Peptide Skincare & BeautySkin science and ingredient guides

Skin science article

COSRX Refresh AHA BHA Vitamin C (ABC) Daily Toner Versus Beauty of Joseon Bubble Toner: Green Plum + AHA

COSRX Refresh AHA BHA Vitamin C (ABC) Daily Toner Versus Beauty of Joseon Bubble Toner: Green Plum + AHA This smoothing toner is formulated around Niacinamide and Glycolic Acid to refine skin texture and brighten dull-looking skin. This smoothing toner is form

COSRX Refresh AHA BHA Vitamin C (ABC) Daily Toner Versus Beauty of Joseon Bubble Toner: Green Plum + AHA

This smoothing toner is formulated around Niacinamide and Glycolic Acid to refine skin texture and brighten dull-looking skin.

This smoothing toner is formulated around Glycolic Acid to refine skin texture and brighten dull-looking skin.

What's inside

Key Ingredients

Benefits

Concerns

Ingredients Side-by-side

Actinidia Chinensis Fruit Extract

Hylocereus Undatus Fruit Extract

Salix Alba Bark Water

Pyrus Malus Fruit Water

Butylene Glycol

Niacinamide

1,2-Hexanediol

Ethyl Hexanediol

Sodium Lactate

Water

Glycolic Acid

Allantoin

Panthenol

Adenosine

Betaine Salicylate

Ascorbyl Glucoside

Actinidia Chinensis Fruit Extract, Hylocereus Undatus Fruit Extract, Salix Alba Bark Water, Pyrus Malus Fruit Water, Butylene Glycol, Niacinamide, 1,2-Hexanediol, Ethyl Hexanediol, Sodium Lactate, Water, Glycolic Acid, Allantoin, Panthenol, Adenosine, Betaine Salicylate, Ascorbyl Glucoside

Prunus Mume Fruit Water

Dipropylene Glycol

Pentylene Glycol

Chlorella Vulgaris Extract

Portulaca Oleracea Extract

Chondrus Crispus Extract

Saccharum Officinarum Extract

Oryza Sativa Bran Water

Honey Extract

Panax Ginseng Root Extract

Polygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract

Glycerin

Propanediol

Tromethamine

Sodium PCA

Glucose

C12-14 Pareth-12

Fructooligosaccharides

Fructose

Caprylyl Glycol

Ethylhexylglycerin

Sodium Phytate

Tocopherol

Water, Prunus Mume Fruit Water, Glycolic Acid, Dipropylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Pentylene Glycol, Chlorella Vulgaris Extract, Portulaca Oleracea Extract, Chondrus Crispus Extract, Saccharum Officinarum Extract, Oryza Sativa Bran Water, Honey Extract, Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Polygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract, Glycerin, Propanediol, Tromethamine, Sodium PCA, Glucose, C12-14 Pareth-12, Butylene Glycol, Fructooligosaccharides, Fructose, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Sodium Phytate, Tocopherol, Ethyl Hexanediol

Reviews

Be the first to review

Alternatives

Ingredients Explained

These ingredients are found in both products.

Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.

1,2-Hexanediol is a synthetic liquid and another multi-functional powerhouse.

It is a:

Humectant, drawing moisture into the skin

Emollient, helping to soften skin

Solvent, dispersing and stabilizing formulas

Preservative booster, enhancing the antimicrobial activity of other preservatives

Butylene Glycol (or BG) is used within cosmetic products for a few different reasons:

Overall, Butylene Glycol is a safe and well-rounded ingredient that works well with other ingredients.

Though this ingredient works well with most skin types, some people with sensitive skin may experience a reaction such as allergic rashes, closed comedones, or itchiness.

Ethyl Hexanediol is an aliphatic alcohol. It is a solvent.

Solvents are used to keep ingredients together in a product. They can help dissolve ingredients to stable bases or help evenly distribute ingredients throughout the product.

Glycolic Acid is arguably the most famous alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) with tons of research backing its benefits.

It is found naturally in sugar cane but the form used in skincare is usually synthetic for purity and stability.

Glycolic acid removes the top layer of dead skin cells to allow newer and fresher ones to emerge.

AHAs work by breaking down the structural “glue” that holds old skin cells in place. When that buildup is gone, your skin can renew itself more efficiently.

Research also shows glycolic acid stimulates collagen production, helping to firm and thicken the skin over time. This is one of its biggest advantages over other AHAs.

Overall, glycolic acid helps with:

Fun fact: Glycolic acid boosts skin hydration by helping it produce molecules that increase hyaluronic acid naturally.

To work best, glycolic acid products should have a pH between 3-4 (that’s where exfoliation is most effective but still gentle on skin).

The pH and concentration of a product are key to its effectiveness:

It is normal to feel a slight stinging sensation when using glycolic acid. This usually fades as your skin adjusts.

Because glycolic acid has the smallest molecular size in the AHA family, it can penetrate deeper, which enhances its effectiveness but also makes it more likely to irritate sensitive skin.

If your skin is very sensitive or prone to rosacea, glycolic acid may be too strong; in that case, try milder options like lactic acid or a PHA instead.

Recent studies suggest glycolic acid might even help protect against UV damage. But don’t skip sunscreen! Freshly exfoliated skin is more sensitive to the sun.

Glycolic acid is a skincare superstar. It smooths, brightens, hydrates, and firms the skin. Unless you’re highly sensitive, it’s well worth adding to your routine.

Read more about some other popular AHA's here:

Water. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.

So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.

You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!

Similar Comparisons

The reference edit

Ingredients, questions
& further reading.

Connected source records selected through this article’s public topic index.

01

Formula cabinet

Ingredients & structured notes

Ingredient index

Ingredients Side-by-side

  1. 01Panax Ginseng Root Water
  2. 02Water
  3. 03Butylene Glycol
  4. 04Snail Secretion Filtrate
  5. 05Dipropylene Glycol
  6. 061,2-Hexanediol
  7. 07Glycerin
  8. 08Niacinamide
  9. 09Propanediol
  10. 10Trehalose
  11. 11Carbomer
  12. 12Tromethamine
  13. 13Xanthan Gum
  14. 14Centella Asiatica Extract
  15. 15Ganoderma Lucidum Extract
  16. 16Panax Ginseng Root Extract
  17. 17Malt Extract
  18. 18Sodium Polyacrylate
  19. 19Adenosine
  20. 20Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer
Source · skinsort.com
02

Product index

Related product references

03

Comparison edit

Read side by side