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Skin science article

Guerlain Abeille Royale Night Cream Versus Paula's Choice 10% Azelaic Acid Booster

Guerlain Abeille Royale Night Cream Versus Paula's Choice 10% Azelaic Acid Booster This anti-aging night moisturizer is formulated around Squalane and Royal Jelly to soften the look of wrinkles and hydrate skin. This calming treatment is formulated around Azel

Guerlain Abeille Royale Night Cream Versus Paula's Choice 10% Azelaic Acid Booster

This anti-aging night moisturizer is formulated around Squalane and Royal Jelly to soften the look of wrinkles and hydrate skin.

This calming treatment is formulated around Azelaic Acid and Salicylic Acid to calm redness and fade the look of dark spots.

What's inside

Key Ingredients

Benefits

Concerns

Ingredients Side-by-side

Water

Squalane

Propanediol

Glycerin

Diphenylsiloxy Phenyl Trimethicone

Mel

Jojoba Esters

C15-19 Alkane

Theobroma Grandiflorum Seed Butter

Arachidyl Alcohol

Cetyl Alcohol

Stearyl Alcohol

Polyglycerin-3

Royal Jelly

Behenyl Alcohol

C10-18 Triglycerides

Dimethicone/Phenyl Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer

Phenoxyethanol

Parfum

Decyloxazolidinone

Dimethicone

Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate

Avena Sativa Kernel Extract

Arachidyl Glucoside

Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer

Caprylyl Glycol

Tocopheryl Acetate

Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax

Sodium Citrate

Citric Acid

Xanthan Gum

Disodium EDTA

Glyceryl Polymethacrylate

Sodium Hydroxide

Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract

Sodium Hyaluronate

Polysorbate 60

Sorbitan Isostearate

Sodium Benzoate

PEG-8

Sodium Tocopheryl Phosphate

Hyaluronic Acid

Caramel

Tocopherol

Sodium Lactate

CI 19140

CI 15985

BHT

Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12

Water, Squalane, Propanediol, Glycerin, Diphenylsiloxy Phenyl Trimethicone, Mel, Jojoba Esters, C15-19 Alkane, Theobroma Grandiflorum Seed Butter, Arachidyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Polyglycerin-3, Royal Jelly, Behenyl Alcohol, C10-18 Triglycerides, Dimethicone/Phenyl Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Phenoxyethanol, Parfum, Decyloxazolidinone, Dimethicone, Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate, Avena Sativa Kernel Extract, Arachidyl Glucoside, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Caprylyl Glycol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Xanthan Gum, Disodium EDTA, Glyceryl Polymethacrylate, Sodium Hydroxide, Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, Sodium Hyaluronate, Polysorbate 60, Sorbitan Isostearate, Sodium Benzoate, PEG-8, Sodium Tocopheryl Phosphate, Hyaluronic Acid, Caramel, Tocopherol, Sodium Lactate, CI 19140, CI 15985, BHT, Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12

Azelaic Acid

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate

Cetearyl Alcohol

Glyceryl Stearate

Salicylic Acid

Adenosine

Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract

Boerhavia Diffusa Root Extract

Allantoin

Bisabolol

Cyclopentasiloxane

Sclerotium Gum

Butylene Glycol

Water, Azelaic Acid, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate, Glycerin, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, Dimethicone, Salicylic Acid, Adenosine, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, Boerhavia Diffusa Root Extract, Allantoin, Bisabolol, Cyclopentasiloxane, Xanthan Gum, Sclerotium Gum, Propanediol, Butylene Glycol, Phenoxyethanol

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Alternatives

Ingredients Explained

These ingredients are found in both products.

Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.

Dimethicone is a type of synthetic silicone created from natural materials such as quartz. It is also known as polydimethylsiloxane.

What it does:

Dimethicone comes in different viscosities:

Depending on the viscosity, dimethicone has different properties.

Ingredients lists don't always show which type is used, so we recommend reaching out to the brand if you have questions about the viscosity.

This ingredient is unlikely to cause irritation because it does not get absorbed into skin. However, people with silicone allergies should be careful about using this ingredient.

Note: Dimethicone may contribute to pilling. This is because it is not oil or water soluble, so pilling may occur when layered with products. When mixed with heavy oils in a formula, the outcome is also quite greasy.

Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.

Topically, glycerin does several things at once:

Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.

Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.

This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.

Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.

Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.

Phenoxyethanol is one of the most widely used preservatives in skincare (and for good reason!).

It has a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity and especially effective bacteria, yeast, and mold while only having a weak effect on your skin's natural microbiome.

On a cellular level, it disrupts the cell membranes of microbes by poking holes that make the cell leak. This shuts down the chemical reactions the microbe needs to make energy so it can no longer survive.

Another perk of this ingredient is that it stays functional across a wide pH range (3-10).

You'll often see it paired with boosters like Ethylhexylglycerin; one study showed that a 1:9 ratio of Ethylhexylglycerin to Phenoxyethanol damages bacterial membranes as effectively as doubling the Phenoxyethanol concentration on its own.

Typical use concentrations range from 0.3-1% depending on the formula, and this ingredient is capped at 1% int the EU.

Safety-wise, the fear mongering does not hold up to the evidence. The EU's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety and FDA consider it safe as a preservative at up to 1%, including for children of all ages.

Adverse systemic effects only showed up in animal studies at exposures roughly 200x higher than what people get from cosmetics. And despite its very widespread use, this ingredient is a rare sensitizer and allergic reactions are uncommon.

Propanediol is an all-star ingredient. It softens, hydrates, and smooths the skin.

It’s often used to:

Propanediol is not likely to cause sensitivity and considered safe to use. It is derived from corn or petroleum with a clear color and no scent.

Water. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.

So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.

You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!

Xanthan gum is used as a stabilizer and thickener within cosmetic products. It helps give products a sticky, thick feeling - preventing them from being too runny.

On the technical side of things, xanthan gum is a polysaccharide - a combination consisting of multiple sugar molecules bonded together.

Xanthan gum is a pretty common and great ingredient. It is a natural, non-toxic, non-irritating ingredient that is also commonly used in food products.

Similar Comparisons

The reference edit

Ingredients, questions
& further reading.

Connected source records selected through this article’s public topic index.

01

Formula cabinet

Ingredients & structured notes

Ingredient index

Paula's Choice Anti-aging Lip Gloss SPF 40 (2023)Ingredients explained

  1. 01A clear, slightly yellow, odorless oil that's a very common, medium-spreading emollient. It makes the skin feel nice and smooth and works in a wide range of formulas.
  2. 02A super common, medium-spreading emollient ester that gives richness to the formula and a mild feel during rubout. It can be a replacement for mineral oil and is often combined with other emollients to achieve different sensorial properties.
  3. 03An oil-soluble chemical sunscreen agent that protects the skin from UVB (295-315 nm) with a peak protection at 306 nm. Homosalate is not a strong UV filter in and of itself (gives only SPF 4.3 protection at max. allowed 10% concentration) and it is …
  4. 04Regarding Homosalate's safety profile, we do not have the best news. In-vitro (made in the labs) studies have shown that it might have some estrogenic activity. Do not panic, these studies were not conducted on real humans under real world condition…
  5. 05Expand to read more
  6. 06As of 2020, Homosalate is permitted to be used up to 10% in the EU and 15% in the US, but the EU is currently considering restricting it to only 1.4% (probably taking effect from 2022).
  7. 07A colorless to light yellowish oily liquid that works as a UVB (280-320nm) sunscreen filter with a peak absorbance at 306 nm. It's not a strong filter in itself, it's always used in combination with other sunscreen agents to further enhance the SPF …
  8. 08It has a good safety profile and is allowed to be used at a max concentration of 5% both in the US and in Europe (10% is allowed in Japan).
  9. 09We don't have description for this ingredient yet.
  10. 10Polyethylene is the most common plastic in the world. It is a super versatile polymer (molecule from repeated subunits) and when it comes to cosmetics, it is often referred to as microbeads. Well, it used to be referred to as microbeads, as it was b…
  11. 11But being versatile means that polyethylene does not only come as scrub particles but also as a white wax. In its wax-form, it is still well, alive and pretty popular. It thickens up water-free formulas, increases hardness and raises the melting poi…
  12. 12The extract coming from the coconut fruit. It is a similar thing to coconut water and fruit juice and is loaded with sugars, minerals, amino acids. It is also claimed to have vitalizing and energizing effects, and some smoothing, emollient and hydra…
  13. 13If you are into coconut, we have more details at coconut water and coconut oil.
  14. 14The famous Avobenzone. It is a special snowflake as it is the only globally available chemical sunscreen agent that provides proper UVA protection (in the US, new generation sunscreen agents are not approved because of impossible FDA regulations). I…
  15. 15It gives very good protection across the whole UVA range (310-400 nm that is both UVA1 and UVA2) with a peak protection at 360 nm. The problem with it, though, is that it is not photostable and degrades in the sunlight. Wikipedia says that avobenzon…
  16. 16The cosmetic's industry is trying to solve the problem by combining avobenzone with other UV filters that enhance its stability (like octocrylene, Tinosorb S or Ensulizole) or by encapsulating it and while both solutions help, neither is perfect. In…
  17. 17As for safety, avobenzone has a pretty good safety profile. It counts as non-irritating, and unlike some other chemical sunscreens, it shows no estrogenic effect. The maximum concentration of avobenzone permitted is 5% in the EU and 3% in the US.
  18. 18An oil-soluble chemical sunscreen agent that protects skin in the UVB and somewhat in the UVA II range with a peak absorption of 304 nm. Its protection is not strong enough on its own but it is quite photostable (loses 10% of SPF protection in 95 mi…
  19. 19Octocrylene's safety profile is generally quite good, though a review study in Contact Dermatitis reports an "increasing number of patients with photo contact allergy to octocrylene." Mainly adults with ketoprofen-sensitivity and children with sensi…
  20. 20A handy white powder that likes to absorb oily things. It has great oil and sebum absorption (aka mattifying) abilities and can also act as a thickening agent in the oil phase of a formula.
Source · incidecoder.com
02

Product index

Related product references

Product

Paula's Choice Defense Moisturiser

Paula's Choice Defense Moisturiser Paula's Choice Defense Moisturiser ingredients explained: Aqua, Glycerin, Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copo…

Source: incidecoder.comView reference →
03

Comparison edit

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