Skin science article
Paula's Choice 5% Niacinamide Body Serum Versus frank body Glycolic Body Scrub
Paula's Choice 5% Niacinamide Body Serum Versus frank body Glycolic Body Scrub What's inside Key Ingredients Benefits Concerns Ingredients Side-by-side Water Panthenol Niacinamide Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride Coco-Caprylate/Caprate Myristyl Myristate Pentylene
Paula's Choice 5% Niacinamide Body Serum Versus frank body Glycolic Body Scrub
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Panthenol
Niacinamide
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Coco-Caprylate/Caprate
Myristyl Myristate
Pentylene Glycol
Glycerin
C13-15 Alkane
Squalene
Glyceryl Stearate Citrate
Butyrospermum Parkii Butter
Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil
Mangifera Indica Seed Butter
Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil
Polyglyceryl-3 Stearate
Propanediol
Saccharide Isomerate
Sodium Polyacrylate
Hydrogenated Lecithin
Caprylyl Glycol
Xanthan Gum
Tocopherol
Ethylhexylglycerin
Hexylene Glycol
Sclerotium Gum
Lecithin
Pullulan
Hydrolyzed Opuntia Ficus-Indica Flower Extract
Pantolactone
Sodium Phytate
Silica
Ceramide AP
1,2-Hexanediol
Citric Acid
Sodium Citrate
Bacillus Ferment
Phenoxyethanol
Water, Panthenol, Niacinamide, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Myristyl Myristate, Pentylene Glycol, Glycerin, C13-15 Alkane, Squalene, Glyceryl Stearate Citrate, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter, Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil, Mangifera Indica Seed Butter, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Polyglyceryl-3 Stearate, Propanediol, Saccharide Isomerate, Sodium Polyacrylate, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Caprylyl Glycol, Xanthan Gum, Tocopherol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Hexylene Glycol, Sclerotium Gum, Lecithin, Pullulan, Hydrolyzed Opuntia Ficus-Indica Flower Extract, Pantolactone, Sodium Phytate, Silica, Ceramide AP, 1,2-Hexanediol, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Bacillus Ferment, Phenoxyethanol
Pumice
Glycolic Acid
Palmitic Acid
Cetearyl Alcohol
Stearic Acid
Sodium Hydroxide
Lactic Acid
Cetearyl Olivate
Sorbitan Olivate
Cocos Nucifera Oil
Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Oil
Sodium Hyaluronate
Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract
Aleurites Moluccanus Seed Oil
Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil
Macadamia Ternifolia Seed Oil
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder
Althaea Officinalis Root Extract
Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract
Charcoal Powder
Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil
Theobroma Cacao Seed Extract
Quartz
Lauric Acid
Myristic Acid
Arachidic Acid
Benzyl Alcohol
Alcohol
Parfum
Limonene
Water, Pumice, Glycolic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Cetearyl Alcohol, Stearic Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Lactic Acid, Glycerin, Cetearyl Olivate, Sorbitan Olivate, Xanthan Gum, Cocos Nucifera Oil, Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Oil, Tocopherol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract, Niacinamide, Aleurites Moluccanus Seed Oil, Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil, Macadamia Ternifolia Seed Oil, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder, Althaea Officinalis Root Extract, Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract, Charcoal Powder, Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil, Theobroma Cacao Seed Extract, Quartz, Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Arachidic Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Alcohol, Parfum, Limonene
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Alternatives
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Niacinamide is a multitasking form of vitamin B3 that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces pores and dark spots, regulates oil, and improves signs of aging.
And the best part? It's gentle and well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive and reactive skin.
You might have heard of "niacin flush", or the reddening of skin that causes itchiness. Niacinamide has not been found to cause this.
In very rare cases, some individuals may not be able to tolerate niacinamide at all or experience an allergic reaction to it.
If you are experiencing flaking, irritation, and dryness with this ingredient, be sure to double check all your products as this ingredient can be found in all categories of skincare.
When incorporating niacinamide into your routine, look out for concentration amounts. Typically, 5% niacinamide provides benefits such as fading dark spots. However, if you have sensitive skin, it is better to begin with a smaller concentration.
When you apply niacinamide to your skin, your body converts it into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is an essential coenzyme that is already found in your cells as "fuel" and powers countless biological processes.
In your skin, NAD helps repair cell damage, produce new healthy cells, support collagen production, strengthen the skin barrier, and fight environmental stressors (like UV and pollution).
Our natural NAD levels start to decline with age, leading to slower skin repair, visible aging, and a weaker skin barrier. By providing your skin niacinamide, you're recharging your skin's NAD levels. This leads to stronger, healthier, and younger looking skin.
Another name for vitamin B3 is nicotinamide. This vitamin is water-soluble and our bodies don't store it. We obtain Vitamin B3 from either food or skincare. Meat, fish, wheat, yeast, and leafy greens contain vitamin B3.
The type of niacinamide used in skincare is synthetically created.
Phenoxyethanol is one of the most widely used preservatives in skincare (and for good reason!).
It has a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity and especially effective bacteria, yeast, and mold while only having a weak effect on your skin's natural microbiome.
On a cellular level, it disrupts the cell membranes of microbes by poking holes that make the cell leak. This shuts down the chemical reactions the microbe needs to make energy so it can no longer survive.
Another perk of this ingredient is that it stays functional across a wide pH range (3-10).
You'll often see it paired with boosters like Ethylhexylglycerin; one study showed that a 1:9 ratio of Ethylhexylglycerin to Phenoxyethanol damages bacterial membranes as effectively as doubling the Phenoxyethanol concentration on its own.
Typical use concentrations range from 0.3-1% depending on the formula, and this ingredient is capped at 1% int the EU.
Safety-wise, the fear mongering does not hold up to the evidence. The EU's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety and FDA consider it safe as a preservative at up to 1%, including for children of all ages.
Adverse systemic effects only showed up in animal studies at exposures roughly 200x higher than what people get from cosmetics. And despite its very widespread use, this ingredient is a rare sensitizer and allergic reactions are uncommon.
Tocopherol is a fat-soluble antioxidant known as Vitamin E.
You'll find this ingredient in the vast majority of skincare (for good reason). It works to neutralize free radicals, or unstable molecules generated by UV exposure, pollution, and other environmental stressors, before they can cause oxidative damage to your skin cells.
Topically applied tocopherol has been shown to protect against UV damage by ramping up the skin's own natural defense enzymes.
It also acts as a skin conditioning agent; some studies show that regular topical use can improve the skin's water-binding capacity over 2-4 weeks.
This ingredient is especially loved for being a team player. When combined with Vitamin C, the photoprotective effect of both ingredients roughly doubles and the combo also helps reduce UV-induced DNA damage.
This ingredient has some brightening potential but it's more of a prevention ingredient than spot-fader. Cell studies show it can slow down melanin production but it's worth noting that it's not the most powerful brightener out there.
In formulations, it also serves as a stabilizer that helps protect other oxidation-prone ingredients from degrading.
Concentrations usually range from 0.1-1% in most leave-on products.
Water. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Xanthan gum is used as a stabilizer and thickener within cosmetic products. It helps give products a sticky, thick feeling - preventing them from being too runny.
On the technical side of things, xanthan gum is a polysaccharide - a combination consisting of multiple sugar molecules bonded together.
Xanthan gum is a pretty common and great ingredient. It is a natural, non-toxic, non-irritating ingredient that is also commonly used in food products.