Skin science article
Paula's Choice Omega+ Complex Moisturizer Versus Aveeno Positively Radiant Intensive Night Cream
Paula's Choice Omega+ Complex Moisturizer Versus Aveeno Positively Radiant Intensive Night Cream This barrier-repair moisturizer is formulated around Butyrospermum Parkii Butter and Linoleic Acid to strengthen the skin barrier and hydrate skin. This brightenin
Paula's Choice Omega+ Complex Moisturizer Versus Aveeno Positively Radiant Intensive Night Cream
This barrier-repair moisturizer is formulated around Butyrospermum Parkii Butter and Linoleic Acid to strengthen the skin barrier and hydrate skin.
This brightening night moisturizer is formulated around Glycine Soja Seed Extract and Niacinamide to brighten dull-looking skin.
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Butyrospermum Parkii Butter
Ceteareth-6 Olivate
Butylene Glycol
C13-15 Alkane
Glycerin
Glyceryl Stearate
Polyglyceryl-4 Laurate
Decyl Oleate
Linum Usitatissimum Seed Oil
Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil
Olea Europaea Fruit Oil
Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil
Borago Officinalis Seed Oil
Hydrogenated Olive Oil
Psidium Guajava Fruit Extract
Olea Europaea Oil Unsaponifiables
Limnanthes Alba Seed Oil
Linoleic Acid
Linolenic Acid
Oleic Acid
Euterpe Oleracea Sterols
Ceramide AP
Ceramide EOP
Ceramide NP
Serine
Alanine
Glycine
Proline
Lysine Hcl
Threonine
Arginine
Squalane
Cholesterol
Phytosphingosine
Anastatica Hierochuntica Extract
Lecithin
Sodium Hyaluronate
Sodium Lactate
Boerhavia Diffusa Root Extract
Adenosine
Phytic Acid
Glutamic Acid
Betaine
Pullulan
PCA
Sodium PCA
Carbomer
Sodium Polyacrylate Starch
Sclerotium Gum
Xanthan Gum
Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate
Phenoxyethanol
Ethylhexylglycerin
Water, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter, Ceteareth-6 Olivate, Butylene Glycol, C13-15 Alkane, Glycerin, Glyceryl Stearate, Polyglyceryl-4 Laurate, Decyl Oleate, Linum Usitatissimum Seed Oil, Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil, Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil, Borago Officinalis Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Olive Oil, Psidium Guajava Fruit Extract, Olea Europaea Oil Unsaponifiables, Limnanthes Alba Seed Oil, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Euterpe Oleracea Sterols, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Ceramide NP, Serine, Alanine, Glycine, Proline, Lysine Hcl, Threonine, Arginine, Squalane, Cholesterol, Phytosphingosine, Anastatica Hierochuntica Extract, Lecithin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Sodium Lactate, Boerhavia Diffusa Root Extract, Adenosine, Phytic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Betaine, Pullulan, PCA, Sodium PCA, Carbomer, Sodium Polyacrylate Starch, Sclerotium Gum, Xanthan Gum, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin
Octyldodecyl Neopentanoate
Dicaprylyl Carbonate
Behenyl Alcohol
Glycine Soja Seed Extract
Mangifera Indica Seed Butter
Candelilla/Jojoba/Rice Bran Polyglyceryl-3 Esters
Vinyl Dimethicone/Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer
Potassium Cetyl Phosphate
Niacinamide
Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate
Cetearyl Alcohol
Microcrystalline Cellulose
Caprylyl Glycol
Parfum
Magnesium Aluminum Silicate
Chlorphenesin
Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose
Disodium EDTA
Tocopheryl Acetate
Urea
Cellulose Gum
Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer
Trehalose
Hexylene Glycol
Polyquaternium-51
Triacetin
Titanium Dioxide
Water, Octyldodecyl Neopentanoate, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Glycerin, Behenyl Alcohol, Glycine Soja Seed Extract, Mangifera Indica Seed Butter, Glyceryl Stearate, Candelilla/Jojoba/Rice Bran Polyglyceryl-3 Esters, Vinyl Dimethicone/Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer, Potassium Cetyl Phosphate, Niacinamide, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Caprylyl Glycol, Parfum, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Chlorphenesin, Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose, Disodium EDTA, Tocopheryl Acetate, Sodium PCA, Urea, Ethylhexylglycerin, Cellulose Gum, Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer, Trehalose, Hexylene Glycol, Polyquaternium-51, Triacetin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Titanium Dioxide
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Alternatives
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
Ethylhexylglycerin is created from glycerin. It is a multitasker ingredient that:
The CIR Expert Panel found minimal skin absorption or sensitization of any kind in a safety assessment. Though this ingredient is considered well-tolerated, a small number of cases of allergic dermatitis have been published since 2002. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure.
Industry-reported use ranges from 8% in rinse-off products and 2% in leave-on formulations.
Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Glyceryl Stearate is made by reacting glycerin with stearic acid (typically sourced from plant oils like palm or coconut). It's an emulsifier, emollient, and mild occlusive.
Emulsifiers help ingredients like oil and water stay mixed so your formula stays nicely blended and uniform in texture.
This ingredient is typically used in concentrations between 1-10%. Studies have found it to be non-sensitizing, non-phototoxic, and non-photoallergenic.
A close cousin of this ingredient is Glyceryl Stearate SE ("self-emulsifying"). This just has a small amount of sodium or potassium stearate added so it can emulsify without a co-emulsifier.
Since this ingredient is an ester of a C18 fatty acid, it may not be fungal acne safe. The Malassezia yeast can potentially metabolize within the C11-C24 range.
Fun fact: The human body also creates Glyceryl Stearate naturally.
Phenoxyethanol is one of the most widely used preservatives in skincare (and for good reason!).
It has a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity and especially effective bacteria, yeast, and mold while only having a weak effect on your skin's natural microbiome.
On a cellular level, it disrupts the cell membranes of microbes by poking holes that make the cell leak. This shuts down the chemical reactions the microbe needs to make energy so it can no longer survive.
Another perk of this ingredient is that it stays functional across a wide pH range (3-10).
You'll often see it paired with boosters like Ethylhexylglycerin; one study showed that a 1:9 ratio of Ethylhexylglycerin to Phenoxyethanol damages bacterial membranes as effectively as doubling the Phenoxyethanol concentration on its own.
Typical use concentrations range from 0.3-1% depending on the formula, and this ingredient is capped at 1% int the EU.
Safety-wise, the fear mongering does not hold up to the evidence. The EU's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety and FDA consider it safe as a preservative at up to 1%, including for children of all ages.
Adverse systemic effects only showed up in animal studies at exposures roughly 200x higher than what people get from cosmetics. And despite its very widespread use, this ingredient is a rare sensitizer and allergic reactions are uncommon.
Sodium Hyaluronate is the salt form of hyaluronic acid. It is a long sugar chain that is naturally found in your skin, joints, and connective tissue that maintains hydration and elasticity.
In skincare, it works as a humectant. It pulls water from the environment and deeper layers of skin and binds it to the surface.
Interestingly, the size of the molecule affects its behavior:
Some clinical evidence links low molecular weight versions to improved wrinkle depth, elasticity, anti-inflammatory effects, and barrier repair.
Many serums use a blend of both weights so you can get surface hydration plus longer-lasting and deeper effects.
You'll typically see concentrations between 0.1-2% for this ingredient.
Sodium PCA (the salt of PCA) is one of the most well-established humectants in skincare.
Why is it so special? Your skin already makes it naturally; it's a natural component of your skin's Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF), or the mix of water-binding compounds inside your skin cells that keeps things soft and hydrated.
As a cosmetic ingredient, it grabs water and holds it in the upper layers of skin to smooth roughness and ease dehydration.
There's some clinical support for the NMF approach with a study showing that a cream built to mimic the skin's NMF significantly boosted hydration.
Safety-wise, this ingredient non-irritating, non-comedogenic, and non-phototoxic in testing, with minimal skin absorption.
It also works really well with other hydrators like glycerin or hyaluronic acid, and typical usage is somewhere between 0.2-4%.
Water. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!