Ingredient or product comparison
Does GHK-Cu Support Skin Brightening Research?: Research Comparison
Seoul National University (2015) Human melasma patients (n=62) 0.05% topical serum 12 weeks Tyrosinase modulation + turnover 21.3% MASI reduction, 4.2-unit L* increase Gradual brightening without rebound. Best for maintenance Journal of Investigative Dermatolo
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- Seoul National University (2015)
- Human melasma patients (n=62)
- 0.05% topical serum
- 12 weeks
- Tyrosinase modulation + turnover
- 21.3% MASI reduction, 4.2-unit L* increase
- Gradual brightening without rebound. Best for maintenance
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2019)
- Cultured human melanocytes
- 1–5 µM in vitro
- 72 hours
- Tyrosinase gene expression
- 28–35% reduction in tyrosinase mRNA
- Demonstrates gene-level regulation, not enzyme blocking
- Journal of Dermatological Science (2021)
- Hairless mice + UVB exposure
- 0.1% topical gel
- 6 weeks
- UV-induced melanogenesis
- 34% lower melanin content vs controls
- Preventive effect stronger than corrective in animal models
- Biomolecules (2020)
- Keratinocyte culture
- 2 µM
- 48 hours
- Keratinocyte migration
- 42% faster migration, increased MMP-2/9
- Accelerates pigment shedding through turnover