Ingredient or product comparison
GHK-Cu Cosmetic Bioavailability: Formulation Comparison
Standard cream base 3–5% 2–4 hours 35–45% retention Lowest cost but minimal efficacy. Most peptide remains on skin surface Ethanol-based penetration enhancer 10–14% 1–2 hours 50–60% retention Improved penetration but causes transient irritation and volatile lo
This source-based comparison does not add ratings or recommend a winner.
- Standard cream base
- 3–5%
- 2–4 hours
- 35–45% retention
- Lowest cost but minimal efficacy. Most peptide remains on skin surface
- Ethanol-based penetration enhancer
- 10–14%
- 1–2 hours
- 50–60% retention
- Improved penetration but causes transient irritation and volatile loss
- Multilamellar liposomes
- 38–45%
- 6–8 hours (sustained)
- 85–90% retention
- Gold standard for immediate delivery. Requires refrigeration
- Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)
- 40–48%
- 12–24 hours (sustained)
- 88–93% retention
- Best for prolonged exposure studies. Higher manufacturing complexity
- Lyophilised powder (reconstituted)
- N/A. Formulator-dependent
- 98%+ retention (pre-reconstitution)
- Maximum stability and concentration control for research applications