Ingredient or product comparison
GHK-Cu Cosmetic Stability: Formulation Type Comparison
Standard Aqueous Serum (Dropper) 6.0–7.0 24–48 hours High (repeated air contact) Moderate (water-based) Degrades rapidly. Copper dissociates within days; visible oxidation common pH-Buffered Serum (Airless Pump) 4.5–5.5 4–6 weeks Minimal (sealed system) Best s
This source-based comparison does not add ratings or recommend a winner.
- Standard Aqueous Serum (Dropper)
- 6.0–7.0
- 24–48 hours
- High (repeated air contact)
- Moderate (water-based)
- Degrades rapidly. Copper dissociates within days; visible oxidation common
- pH-Buffered Serum (Airless Pump)
- 4.5–5.5
- 4–6 weeks
- Minimal (sealed system)
- Best stability-to-cost ratio for cosmetic use; requires refrigeration after opening
- Liposome-Encapsulated Formula
- 5.0–6.0
- 8–12 weeks (refrigerated)
- Minimal (encapsulated)
- High (lipid fusion)
- Superior stability and delivery; expensive; release kinetics vary widely by formulation
- Anhydrous Oil-Based Serum
- N/A (no water)
- 12–16 weeks
- Low (no aqueous hydrolysis)
- Low (lipophilic mismatch)
- Stable but poor penetration. GHK-Cu needs aqueous environment for activity
- Cream/Emulsion Base
- 5.5–7.5
- 2–4 weeks
- Moderate (some air contact)
- Low to Moderate
- Compromised stability due to emulsifiers and pH drift; penetration hindered by occlusive base