Ingredient or product comparison
GHK-Cu Delivery Method Comparison
Topical Serum Epidermis + upper papillary dermis (0.2–0.5mm) 5–10% dermal absorption 1–3% GHK-Cu in carrier base Photoaging, texture, barrier function 15–20% at 12 weeks (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology) Subcutaneous Injection Reticular dermis (1–3mm) 90–95% d
This source-based comparison does not add ratings or recommend a winner.
- Topical Serum
- Epidermis + upper papillary dermis (0.2–0.5mm)
- 5–10% dermal absorption
- 1–3% GHK-Cu in carrier base
- Photoaging, texture, barrier function
- 15–20% at 12 weeks (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology)
- Subcutaneous Injection
- Reticular dermis (1–3mm)
- 90–95% direct delivery
- 1–2mg per 1mL solution
- Deep dermal remodeling, volumetric changes
- 40–70% in wound-healing models (Wound Repair and Regeneration)
- Microneedling + Topical
- Mid-dermis (0.5–1.5mm with 1.5mm needle depth)
- 30–50% enhanced penetration
- 2–5% post-procedure application
- Scar remodeling, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
- 25–35% at 8 weeks (Dermatologic Surgery)
- Liposomal Topical
- Epidermis + improved papillary dermis penetration
- 15–25% with encapsulation
- 1–2% encapsulated GHK-Cu
- Barrier repair, antioxidant delivery
- 18–22% (limited data, mostly in vitro)