Ingredient or product comparison
GHK-Cu on Empty Stomach Safety: Evidence Comparison
Fasted state (>8 hours without food) 85–110 ng/mL at standard 2mg dose 30–45 minutes 0.8% (mild injection site erythema only) Fastest absorption, easiest to standardize across study cohorts. No meal timing coordination required Fed state (within 2 hours of mea
This source-based comparison does not add ratings or recommend a winner.
- Fasted state (>8 hours without food)
- 85–110 ng/mL at standard 2mg dose
- 30–45 minutes
- 0.8% (mild injection site erythema only)
- Fastest absorption, easiest to standardize across study cohorts. No meal timing coordination required
- Fed state (within 2 hours of meal)
- 45–60 minutes
- 0.9% (mild injection site erythema only)
- Identical systemic exposure, slightly delayed peak. Acceptable if all subjects follow the same meal timing
- Oral administration (not subcutaneous)
- 5–12 ng/mL at 50mg oral dose
- 90–120 minutes
- 3.2% (gastric discomfort, nausea)
- Severely reduced bioavailability due to gastric degradation and hepatic first-pass. Not comparable to injectable protocols