Peptide Skincare & BeautySkin science and ingredient guides

Ingredient or product comparison

GHK-Cu vs TB-4: Research Peptide Comparison

Molecular Weight 340 Da (tripeptide-copper complex) 4,963 Da (43-amino-acid polypeptide) GHK-Cu's smaller size allows superior dermal penetration; TB-4 requires injection for systemic effect Primary Mechanism TGF-β pathway activation, collagen gene upregulatio

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  • Molecular Weight
  • 340 Da (tripeptide-copper complex)
  • 4,963 Da (43-amino-acid polypeptide)
  • GHK-Cu's smaller size allows superior dermal penetration; TB-4 requires injection for systemic effect
  • Primary Mechanism
  • TGF-β pathway activation, collagen gene upregulation, MMP-1 suppression
  • G-actin sequestration, immune cell migration, CXCR4 upregulation
  • Mechanisms do not overlap. GHK-Cu targets matrix synthesis, TB-4 targets inflammation and angiogenesis
  • Tissue Specificity
  • Dermal, epithelial, hair follicle models
  • Cardiac, neural, musculoskeletal, vascular models
  • Choose based on tissue type in your protocol. Not interchangeable
  • Demonstrated Efficacy
  • 18.3% increase in skin density (12-week human trial), collagen I/III upregulation in fibroblast cultures
  • 50% infarct size reduction in MI models, improved LVEF, enhanced angiogenesis in ischemic tissue
  • Both show reproducible outcomes in their respective tissue contexts
  • Stability & Storage
  • Stable 28 days at 2–8°C post-reconstitution; copper dissociates outside pH 5.5–7.0
  • Stable 30 days at 2–8°C post-reconstitution; lyophilized stability 12+ months at −20°C
  • TB-4 tolerates broader storage conditions; GHK-Cu requires pH control
  • Bioavailability Route
  • High topical absorption (340 Da crosses stratum corneum); subcutaneous effective
  • Topical absorption negligible; subcutaneous or intraperitoneal required
  • GHK-Cu suitable for non-invasive models; TB-4 requires injection