Ingredient or product comparison
How Concentrated Should GHK-Cu Be for Research: Concentration Comparison
The table below maps GHK-Cu concentration ranges to specific research applications, expected biological endpoints, and documented cytotoxicity thresholds. Fibroblast proliferation assays (MTT, BrdU) 0.5–2mg/mL 20–40% increase in proliferation vs control >3mg/m
This source-based comparison does not add ratings or recommend a winner.
- The table below maps GHK-Cu concentration ranges to specific research applications, expected biological endpoints, and documented cytotoxicity thresholds.
- Fibroblast proliferation assays (MTT, BrdU)
- 0.5–2mg/mL
- 20–40% increase in proliferation vs control
- >3mg/mL (10–15% viability reduction)
- Use 1mg/mL as starting point. Lowest concentration that consistently produces measurable response without approaching toxic threshold
- Collagen synthesis (hydroxyproline, ELISA)
- 1–3mg/mL
- 30–60% increase in collagen I gene expression
- >4mg/mL (sustained exposure)
- Pulse dosing at 2mg/mL for first 24hr then reduce to 1mg/mL prevents copper accumulation in multi-day assays
- Wound healing models (scratch assay, ex vivo)
- 3–5mg/mL
- 25–50% faster wound closure rate
- >7mg/mL (tissue-dependent)
- Higher concentrations required because peptide diffuses into tissue matrix. Surface concentration underestimates bioavailable dose
- Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory assays
- 0.1–1mg/mL
- SOD activity 2–3× baseline; NF-κB inhibition 40–60%
- >2mg/mL (pro-oxidant effects emerge)
- Lower end of range paradoxically more effective. Copper delivery mechanism saturates quickly
- Angiogenesis models (tube formation, VEGF)
- 30–50% increase in tube formation; VEGF upregulation
- >5mg/mL (endothelial sensitivity)
- Endothelial cells more sensitive than fibroblasts. Stay below 3mg/mL for sustained exposure