Paula's Choice Phytoestrogen Elasticity Renewal Serum Versus BULLDOG Age Defence Serum

Paula's Choice Phytoestrogen Elasticity Renewal Serum Versus BULLDOG Age Defence Serum Detailed comparison of Paula's Choice Phytoestrogen Elasticity Renewal Serum versus BULLDOG Age Defence Serum. This anti-aging serum is formulated around Resveratrol to soften the look of wrinkles. This anti-aging serum is formulated around Tocopherol to soften the look of wrinkles and hydrate skin. Water Cyclodextrin Glycerin Coco-Caprylate Squalane Saccharide Isomerate Propanediol Sodium Acrylates Copolymer Hydrogenated Polydecene Glycine Soja Seed Extract Equol Resveratrol Xanthan Gum Cetyl Alcohol Tocopherol Daidzein Genistein Linum Usitatissimum Seed Oil Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil Phospholipids Polyglyceryl-10 Stearate Citric Acid Ethylhexylglycerin Glycine Soja Oil Engelhardtia Chrysolepis Leaf Extract Sodium Phytate Sodium Citrate Phenoxyethanol Water, Cyclodextrin, Glycerin, Coco-Caprylate, Squalane, Saccharide Isomerate, Propanediol, Sodium Acrylates Copolymer, Hydrogenated Polydecene, Glycine Soja Seed Extract, Equol, Resveratrol, Xanthan Gum, Cetyl Alcohol, Tocopherol, Daidzein, Genistein, Linum Usitatissimum Seed Oil, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Phospholipids, Polyglyceryl-10 Stearate, Citric Acid, Ethylhexylglycerin, Glycine Soja Oil, Engelhardtia Chrysolepis Leaf Extract, Sodium Phytate, Sodium Citrate, Phenoxyethanol Sodium Polyacrylate Echinacea Purpurea Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract Parfum Benzoic Acid Dehydroacetic Acid Limonene Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract Linalool Sodium Benzoate Potassium Sorbate Sodium Hydroxide Water, Coco-Caprylate, Sodium Polyacrylate, Tocopherol, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Phenoxyethanol, Glycerin, Echinacea Purpurea Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract, Parfum, Benzoic Acid, Dehydroacetic Acid, Limonene, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract, Linalool, Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Hydroxide These ingredients are found in both products. Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount. Citric Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) naturally found in citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and limes. Like other AHAs, citric acid can exfoliate skin by breaking down the bonds that hold dead skin cells together. This helps reveal smoother and brighter skin underneath. However, this exfoliating effect only happens at high concentrations (20%) which can be hard to find in cosmetic products. Due to this, citric acid is usually included in small amounts as a pH adjuster. This helps keep products slightly more acidic and compatible with skin's natural pH. In skincare formulas, citric acid can: While it can provide some skin benefits, research shows lactic acid and glycolic acid are generally more effective and less irritating exfoliants. Most citric acid used in skincare today is made by fermenting sugars (usually from molasses). This synthetic version is identical to the natural citrus form but easier to stabilize and use in formulations. Rosacea skin has a lower threshold for acids generally, with 62.5% of rosacea subjects in one study reacting to lactic acid in a sting test. This is why we mark citric acid as a potential rosacea trigger. However, this ingredient shows up as a pH adjuster or chelator at roughly 0.1-1% in many products. These low levels are unlikely to be an issue for rosacea skin and becomes a potential trigger at exfoliating concentrations (20%). Because everybody's skin is unique, we recommend a patch test if you are unsure. Coco-Caprylate is a lightweight emollient made by combining coconut-derived fatty alcohols (caprylic and capric acid). Its primary role in formulas is as a skin-softening emollient with excellent spreadability (it's considered a plant-based alternative to silicone oils like dimethicone). This ingredient is considered safe for use and concentrations range from 0.5-62%. Caprylic and capric fall outside the C11-24 range that Malassezia feeds on, and a 2020 study found caprylic acid disrupted Malassezia furfur cell membrane, with a caprylic acid derivative damaging membrane structures at concentrations as low as 0.2%. Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum. Topically, glycerin does several things at once: Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3. Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin. This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products. Just know very high conc