SkinBetter Science Alto Advanced Defense and Repair Serum Versus Paula's Choice Resist Super Antioxidant Serum

SkinBetter Science Alto Advanced Defense and Repair Serum Versus Paula's Choice Resist Super Antioxidant Serum Detailed comparison of SkinBetter Science Alto Advanced Defense and Repair Serum versus Paula's Choice Resist Super Antioxidant Serum. This barrier-repair serum is formulated around Niacinamide to strengthen the skin barrier and calm redness. This anti-aging serum is formulated around Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate and Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 to soften the look of wrinkles and brighten dull-looking skin. Water Butylene Glycol Propanediol Ethylhexyl Olivate Cetearyl Alcohol Chlorogenic Acids Niacinamide Lauryl Lactate Dimethyl Isosorbide Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Allyl Ester Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate Ergothioneine Benzylidene Dimethoxydimethylindanone Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract Carnosine Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract Vitis Vinifera Seed Extract Theobroma Cacao Seed Extract Curcuma Longa Root Extract Olea Europaea Fruit Extract Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract Trifluoroacetyl Tripeptide-2 Buddleja Officinalis Flower Extract Coffea Arabica Leaf Cell Extract Crocus Sativus Leaf Cell Culture Extract Superoxide Dismutase Ubiquinone Plankton Extract Micrococcus Lysate Arginine Zingiber Officinale Root Extract Ceramide NP Ceramide AP Ceramide EOP Linoleic Acid Linolenic Acid Sea Whip Extract Bisabolol Tocopherol Tocopheryl Acetate Cholesterol Phytosphingosine Jojoba Esters Sodium PCA Pentylene Glycol Methyl Gluceth-20 Glycerin Helianthus Annuus Seed Wax Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax Lecithin Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate Dicetyl Phosphate Propanediol Dicaprylate/Caprate Polyglycerin-3 Ceteth-20 Phosphate Diisostearyl Malate Xanthan Gum Steareth-2 Acacia Senegal Gum Pentaerythrityl Tetra-Di-T-Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate Carbomer Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer Dextran Ricinoleth-40 Sodium Hydroxide Citric Acid Sodium Phytate Ethylhexylglycerin Phenoxyethanol Water, Butylene Glycol, Propanediol, Ethylhexyl Olivate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Chlorogenic Acids, Niacinamide, Lauryl Lactate, Dimethyl Isosorbide, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Allyl Ester, Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Ergothioneine, Benzylidene Dimethoxydimethylindanone, Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract, Carnosine, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Vitis Vinifera Seed Extract, Theobroma Cacao Seed Extract, Curcuma Longa Root Extract, Olea Europaea Fruit Extract, Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract, Trifluoroacetyl Tripeptide-2, Buddleja Officinalis Flower Extract, Coffea Arabica Leaf Cell Extract, Crocus Sativus Leaf Cell Culture Extract, Superoxide Dismutase, Ubiquinone, Plankton Extract, Micrococcus Lysate, Arginine, Zingiber Officinale Root Extract, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Sea Whip Extract, Bisabolol, Tocopherol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Cholesterol, Phytosphingosine, Jojoba Esters, Sodium PCA, Pentylene Glycol, Methyl Gluceth-20, Glycerin, Helianthus Annuus Seed Wax, Acacia Decurrens Flower Wax, Lecithin, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Dicetyl Phosphate, Propanediol Dicaprylate/Caprate, Polyglycerin-3, Ceteth-20 Phosphate, Diisostearyl Malate, Xanthan Gum, Steareth-2, Acacia Senegal Gum, Pentaerythrityl Tetra-Di-T-Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate, Carbomer, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Dextran, Ricinoleth-40, Sodium Hydroxide, Citric Acid, Sodium Phytate, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol Cyclopentasiloxane Dimethicone Palmitoyl Tripeptid These ingredients are found in both products. Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount. Ceramide NP (formerly known as Ceramide 3) is one of the skin's naturally occurring lipids. Since ceramides are the major lipid components of the skin, they are crucial for maintaining skin barrier and hydration. Ceramide NP most closely mirrors the dominant kind in human skin amongst ceramide subtypes. This ceramide works by slotting into gaps within the stratum corneum's lipid matrix to limit trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and shield the skin against external irritants. A study with 312 patients found that using a ceramide-containing routine for 4 weeks reduced the severity of atopic dermatitis by over 61%. Another clinical study in subjects aged 60 and older found that a ceramide body wash and moisturizer improved skin dryness and itchy skin in 15 days. Overall, ceramides are considered non-irritating and safety tests have found little to no observable adverse effects from using this ingredient. Ceramide NP is usually sourced from plants (like soybean or rice bran), or produced synthetically. Ergothioneine is an amino acid found naturally in mushrooms, grains, and meat. It has antioxidant and skin soothing properties. This amino acid helps with: Maintaining DNA stability and cell reproduction Enhances cellular immunity Skin brightening Anti-aging Skin soothing Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum. Topically, glycerin does several things at once: Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3. Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin. This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products. Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity. Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine. Phenoxyethanol is one of the most widely used preservatives in skincare (and for good reason!). It has a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity and especially effective bacteria, yeast, and mold while only having a weak effect on your skin's natural microbiome. On a cellular level, it disrupts the cell membranes of microbes by poking holes that make the cell leak. This shuts down the chemical reactions the microbe needs to make energy so it can no longer survive. Another perk of this ingredient is that it stays functional across a wide pH range (3-10). You'll often see it paired with boosters like Ethylhexylglycerin; one study showed that a 1:9