PCA Skin Smoothing Toner

PCA Skin Smoothing Toner PCA Skin Smoothing Toner ingredients explained: Water/Aqua/Eau, Lactic Acid, Citric Acid, Glycerin, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Hydrastis Canadensis (Goldenseal) Extract, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract, Arctium Lappa Root Extract, Paullinia Cupana Seed Extract, Hedera Helix (Ivy) Leaf/Stem Extract, Tetrasodium EDTA Show all ingredients by function Water/Aqua/Eau solvent Lactic Acid exfoliant, moisturizer/​humectant, buffering superstar Citric Acid buffering Glycerin skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/​humectant 0, 0 Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice soothing, moisturizer/​humectant goodie Hydrastis Canadensis (Goldenseal) Extract Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract soothing, emollient Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract surfactant/​cleansing Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract soothing, antioxidant, perfuming Arctium Lappa Root Extract antioxidant, soothing Paullinia Cupana Seed Extract Hedera Helix (Ivy) Leaf/Stem Extract antimicrobial/​antibacterial, soothing Tetrasodium EDTA chelating Good old water, aka H2O. The most common skincare ingredient of all. You can usually find it right in the very first spot of the ingredient list, meaning it’s the biggest thing out of all the stuff that makes up the product. It’s mainly a solvent for ingredients that do not like to dissolve in oils but rather in water. Expand to read more Once inside the skin, it hydrates, but not from the outside - putting pure water on the skin (hello long baths!) is drying. One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized (it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed). Like this, the products can stay more stable over time. It’s the second most researched AHA after glycolic acid It gently lifts off dead skin cells to reveal newer, fresher, smoother skin It also has amazing skin hydrating properties In higher concentration (10% and up) it improves skin firmness, thickness and wrinkles Choose a product where you know the concentration and pH value because these two greatly influence effectiveness Don’t forget to use your sunscreen (in any case but especially so next to an AHA product) Citric acid comes from citrus fruits and is an AHA. If these magic three letters don’t tell you anything, click here and read our detailed description on glycolic acid, the most famous AHA. So citric acid is an exfoliant, that can - just like other AHAs - gently lift off the dead skin cells of your skin and make it more smooth and fresh. There is also some research showing that citric acid with regular use (think three months and 20% concentration) can help sun-damaged skin, increase skin thickness and some nice hydrating things called glycosaminoglycans in the skin. But according to a comparative study done in 1995, citric acid has less skin improving magic properties than glycolic or lactic acid. Probably that’s why citric acid is usually not used as an exfoliant but more as a helper ingredient in small amounts to adjust the pH of a formulation. A natural moisturizer that’s also in our skin A super common, safe, effective and cheap molecule used for more than 50 years Not only a simple moisturizer but knows much more: keeps the skin lipids between our skin cells in a healthy (liquid crystal) state, protects against irritation, helps to restore barrier Effective from as low as 3% with even more benefits for dry skin at higher concentrations up to 20-40% High-glycerin moisturizers are awesome for treating severely dry skin Aloe Vera is one of today’s magic plants. It does have some very nice properties indeed, though famous dermatologist Leslie Baumann warns us in her book that most of the evidence is anecdotal and the plant might be a bit overhyped. What research does confirm about Aloe is that it’s a great moisturizer and has several anti-inflammatory (among others contains salicylates, polysaccharides, magnesium lactate and C-glucosyl chromone) as well as some antibacterial components. It also helps wound healing and skin regeneration in what‑it‑does exfoliant | moisturizer/humectant | buffering skin-identical ingredient | moisturizer/humectant irritancy, com. soothing | moisturizer/humectant soothing | emollient surfactant/cleansing soothing | antioxidant | perfuming antioxidant | soothing antimicrobial/antibacterial | soothing

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