TOOLS by Gabriela Salvete Hyaluronic Acid Serum

TOOLS by Gabriela Salvete Hyaluronic Acid Serum TOOLS by Gabriela Salvete Hyaluronic Acid Serum ingredients explained: Aqua (Water), Butylene Glycol, Hyaluronic Acid, Silk Amino Acids, Malic Acid, Tocopherol (Vitamin E), Morus Alba Root Extract, Trehalose, Polyglutamic Acid, Allantoin, Creatine, Arunika Ekisu, Melastoma Candidum Extract, Portulaca Oleracea Extract Show all ingredients by function Aqua (Water) solvent Butylene Glycol moisturizer/​humectant, solvent 0, 1 Hyaluronic Acid skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/​humectant goodie Silk Amino Acids moisturizer/​humectant Malic Acid exfoliant, buffering Tocopherol (Vitamin E) antioxidant 0-3, 0-3 Morus Alba Root Extract skin brightening Trehalose Polyglutamic Acid Allantoin soothing 0, 0 Creatine Arunika Ekisu Melastoma Candidum Extract Portulaca Oleracea Extract soothing, antioxidant Good old water, aka H2O. The most common skincare ingredient of all. You can usually find it right in the very first spot of the ingredient list, meaning it’s the biggest thing out of all the stuff that makes up the product. It’s mainly a solvent for ingredients that do not like to dissolve in oils but rather in water. Expand to read more Once inside the skin, it hydrates, but not from the outside - putting pure water on the skin (hello long baths!) is drying. One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized (it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed). Like this, the products can stay more stable over time. Butylene glycol, or let’s just call it BG, is a multi-tasking colorless, syrupy liquid. It’s a great pick for creating a nice feeling product. BG’s main job is usually to be a solvent for the other ingredients. Other tasks include helping the product to absorb faster and deeper into the skin (penetration enhancer), making the product spread nicely over the skin (slip agent), and attracting water (humectant) into the skin. It’s an ingredient whose safety hasn’t been questioned so far by anyone (at least not that we know about). BG is approved by Ecocert and is also used enthusiastically in natural products. BTW, it’s also a food additive. It’s naturally in our skin and behaves there like a sponge It can bind up to 1000 times its own weight in water It is a big molecule from repeated subunits (polymer) so different molecular weight versions exist (unfortunately there is no way to determine MW from INCI list only) High-molecular-weight-HA (>500 kDa) is an excellent surface hydrator, skin protectant and can act as an osmotic pump helping water-soluble actives to penetrate deeper into the skin Low-molecular-weight-HA (< 500 kDa) can hydrate the skin somewhat deeper though it is still a big molecule and works mainly in the epidermis (outer layer of the skin) Low-molecular-weight-HA might also help the skin to repair itself by increasing its self-defense (~ 200kDa used in the study) Ultra-low-molecular-weight-HA (<50kDa) is a controversial ingredient and might work as a pro-inflammatory signal molecule We don't have description for this ingredient yet. Malic acid comes from apple and is an AHA. If these magic three letters don’t tell you anything, click here and read our detailed description on glycolic acid, the most famous AHA. So malic acid is an exfoliant, that can - just like other AHAs - gently lift off the dead skin cells of your skin and make it more smooth and fresh. There is not much research out there about malic acid itself. We could find one comparative study, that compared the effectiveness of glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid and malic acid. The first two ones were the winners while malic and citric acid were less effective. Primary fat-soluble antioxidant in our skin Significant photoprotection against UVB rays Vit C + Vit E work in synergy and provide great photoprotection Has emolli what‑it‑does moisturizer/humectant | solvent irritancy, com. skin-identical ingredient | moisturizer/humectant moisturizer/humectant exfoliant | buffering soothing | antioxidant

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