Skin science article
alpyn beauty Super Peptide & Ghostberry Moisturizer Versus The Outset Nourishing Squalane Daily Moisturizer
alpyn beauty Super Peptide & Ghostberry Moisturizer Versus The Outset Nourishing Squalane Daily Moisturizer This anti-aging moisturizer is formulated around Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 and Ceramide NP to soften the look of wrinkles and strengthen the skin barrier. Th
alpyn beauty Super Peptide & Ghostberry Moisturizer Versus The Outset Nourishing Squalane Daily Moisturizer
This anti-aging moisturizer is formulated around Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 and Ceramide NP to soften the look of wrinkles and strengthen the skin barrier.
This barrier-repair moisturizer is formulated around Squalane and Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride to strengthen the skin barrier and hydrate skin.
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Glycerin
Caprylic/Capric/Myristic/Stearic Triglyceride
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Squalane
Candelilla/Jojoba/Rice Bran Polyglyceryl-3 Esters
Coconut Alkanes
C12-16 Alcohols
Propanediol
Polyhydroxystearic Acid
Behenyl Alcohol
Glyceryl Stearate
Cetearyl Alcohol
Symphoricarpos Albus Fruit Extract
Acetyl Hexapeptide-8
Acetyl Octapeptide-3
Ceramide NP
Ceramide EOP
Ceramide Ns
Ceramide As
Ceramide AP
Glyceryl Citrate/Lactate/Linoleate/Oleate
1,2-Hexanediol
Cetearyl Olivate
Hydrogenated Lecithin
Nephelium Lappaceum Peel Extract
Palmitic Acid
Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate
Sorbitan Olivate
Caprylhydroxamic Acid
Coco-Caprylate/Caprate
Xanthan Gum
Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil
Tasmannia Lanceolata Fruit/Leaf Extract
Bisabolol
Sodium Hyaluronate
Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate
Tripeptide-29
Hydrolyzed Pea Protein
2,3-Butanediol
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
Hydrolyzed Rice Protein
Cholesterol
Sodium Benzoate
Water, Glycerin, Caprylic/Capric/Myristic/Stearic Triglyceride, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Squalane, Candelilla/Jojoba/Rice Bran Polyglyceryl-3 Esters, Coconut Alkanes, C12-16 Alcohols, Propanediol, Polyhydroxystearic Acid, Behenyl Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Symphoricarpos Albus Fruit Extract, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, Acetyl Octapeptide-3, Ceramide NP, Ceramide EOP, Ceramide Ns, Ceramide As, Ceramide AP, Glyceryl Citrate/Lactate/Linoleate/Oleate, 1,2-Hexanediol, Cetearyl Olivate, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Nephelium Lappaceum Peel Extract, Palmitic Acid, Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate, Sorbitan Olivate, Caprylhydroxamic Acid, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Xanthan Gum, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Tasmannia Lanceolata Fruit/Leaf Extract, Bisabolol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate, Tripeptide-29, Hydrolyzed Pea Protein, 2,3-Butanediol, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Hydrolyzed Rice Protein, Cholesterol, Sodium Benzoate
Pentylene Glycol
Ethylhexyl Palmitate
Cassia Angustifolia Seed Polysaccharide
Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil
Cocos Nucifera Oil
Carthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil
Persea Gratissima Oil
Humulus Lupulus Extract
Helianthus Annuus Extract
Helianthus Annuus Seed Wax
Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice
Prunus Insititia Seed Oil
Oryza Sativa Bran Extract
Fucus Vesiculosus Extract
Leontopodium Alpinum Extract
Glycine Soja Oil
Jojoba Esters
Dicaprylyl Ether
Diheptyl Succinate
Carbomer
Phenoxyethanol
Citric Acid
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Polyglycerin-3
Caprylyl Glycol
Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer
Tocopheryl Acetate
Tocopherol
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium Sorbate
Sodium Formate
Sodium Glycolate
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate
Water, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Pentylene Glycol, Glycerin, Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Squalane, Cassia Angustifolia Seed Polysaccharide, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Cocos Nucifera Oil, Carthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil, Persea Gratissima Oil, Humulus Lupulus Extract, Helianthus Annuus Extract, Helianthus Annuus Seed Wax, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Prunus Insititia Seed Oil, Oryza Sativa Bran Extract, Fucus Vesiculosus Extract, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Leontopodium Alpinum Extract, Glycine Soja Oil, Jojoba Esters, Dicaprylyl Ether, Diheptyl Succinate, Glyceryl Stearate, Carbomer, Phenoxyethanol, Citric Acid, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Xanthan Gum, Polyglycerin-3, Caprylyl Glycol, Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer, Tocopheryl Acetate, Tocopherol, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate, Potassium Hydroxide, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Formate, Sodium Glycolate, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate
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Alternatives
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (aka MCT Oil) is a lightweight emollient, solvent, and texture enhancer. It is considered a skin-softener by helping to prevent moisture loss.
Though it behaves like an oil, it is not technically one due to its chemical composition. One perk of this ingredient is that it is very stable, resistant to oxidation, and unlikely to go rancid.
In practice, that translates to a long shelf life and a consistently elegant skin feel.
While there is an assumption Caprylic Triglyceride can clog pores due to it being derived from coconut oil, there is no research supporting this. Just patch test if you have concerns.
Fractionated coconut oil and MCT Oil are both listed as Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride according to INCI. This is because INCI names are based on the ingredient’s final chemical composition and not its marketing name or source.
This ingredient is treated as the gold standard fungal acne safe oil. Even though it is coconut derived, the problematic lauric acid is stripped out.
This leaves just caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acid. These chain lengths actually trend antifungal; a 2020 study found caprylic acid was enough to disrupt Malassezia furfur cell membrane, with a caprylic acid derivative damaging membrane structures at concentrations as low as 0.2%.
Cetearyl alcohol is a waxy mixture of two fatty alcohols: cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol. It is an emollient and emulsifier.
Despite having "alcohol" in its name, it has nothing to do with drying solvent alcohols; the FDA also allows "alcohol-free" products to contain fatty alcohols like this ingredient.
It plays several roles in a formula:
Typical use levels for this ingredient sit around 1-10% and the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has affirmed safety at concentrations up to 25% in leave-on products.
Multiple assessments have found it to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing to most people.
However, there have been some cases of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with chronically compromised skin barriers.
Cetearyl alcohol has a comedogenic rating of 2 and irritancy rating of 1. Both of these numbers come from the 1989 study that used rabbit ears; a "2" means mildly comedogenic and a "1" means low irritancy.
Here's the catch: rabbit skin is more sensitive than human skin and throws a lot of false positives. A 1996 reappraisal found that ingredients rated 1-2 in the rabbit ear tests are generally safe for humans.
Remember comedogenic ratings are unable to assess the entire formula of a product or how it will react on your skin. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure about certain ingredients.
This ingredient is not fungal acne safe. Cetearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol with chain lengths that fall within the range that Malassezia can metabolize.
A 2019 study has also observed Malassezia growth in the presence of this ingredient, confirming it to be not-fungal acne safe.
Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Glyceryl Stearate is made by reacting glycerin with stearic acid (typically sourced from plant oils like palm or coconut). It's an emulsifier, emollient, and mild occlusive.
Emulsifiers help ingredients like oil and water stay mixed so your formula stays nicely blended and uniform in texture.
This ingredient is typically used in concentrations between 1-10%. Studies have found it to be non-sensitizing, non-phototoxic, and non-photoallergenic.
A close cousin of this ingredient is Glyceryl Stearate SE ("self-emulsifying"). This just has a small amount of sodium or potassium stearate added so it can emulsify without a co-emulsifier.
Since this ingredient is an ester of a C18 fatty acid, it may not be fungal acne safe. The Malassezia yeast can potentially metabolize within the C11-C24 range.
Fun fact: The human body also creates Glyceryl Stearate naturally.
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is a natural preservative. It comes from fermenting radish roots with a bacteria called leuconostoc. The trade name for this ingredient is Leucidal.
Leuconostoc comes from lactic acid.
This ingredient has antimicrobial properties and helps prevent the growth of bacteria in a product.
Leuconostoc is used to make the traditional Korean side-dish, kimchi. It is also used to make sourdough bread (both incredibly yummy foods).
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative. It's used in both cosmetic and food products to inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria. It is typically produced synthetically.
Both the US FDA and EU Health Committee have approved the use of sodium benzoate. In the US, levels of 0.1% (of the total product) are allowed.
Sodium benzoate works as a preservative by inhibiting the growth of bacteria inside of cells. It prevents the cell from fermenting a type of sugar using an enzyme called phosphofructokinase.
It is the salt of benzoic acid. Foods containing sodium benzoate include soda, salad dressings, condiments, fruit juices, wines, and snack foods.
Studies for using ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate in cosmetics are lacking, especially in skincare routines with multiple steps.
We always recommend speaking with a professional, such as a dermatologist, if you have any concerns.
Squalane is the hydrogenated and shelf-stable form of squalene (a lipid that naturally occurs in human sebum).
It is an emollient and skin conditioning agent that is able to integrate seamlessly into the skin's lipid barrier without clogging pores.
This is due to how structurally similar it is to what your skin already produces.
Though it is mostly an emollient that helps soften and hydrate skin, it also has some humectant and occlusive action. Humectants help the skin retain moisture while occlusives seal it in, making squalane a triple-threat moisturizer.
Research shows it has antioxidant capabilities that help protect against stressors like UV exposure, specifically UVA induced oxidative stress. This study also found that it supports collagen biosynthesis in human dermal fibroblasts.
No clinical study has reported significant adverse effects and irritation reactions are very rare from this ingredient (even at 100% concentration).
Overall, it's a fantastic ingredient for hydration and is suitable for all skin types.
This depends on the source. Squalane can be derived from both plants and animals. Most squalane used in skincare comes from plants.
Please note: the source of squalane is only known if disclosed by the brand. We recommend reaching out to the brand if you have any questions about their squalane.
Read more about squalene with an "e".
Though squalane is often called an oil, it’s technically not one. It is a hydrocarbon, meaning it is only made of carbon and hydrogen. True oils are triglycerides and made of fatty acids and glycerol.
The term “oil-free” isn’t regulated so companies can define it however they want. Some exclude all oils, while others just avoid mineral oil or comedogenic oils.
Squalane has a comedogenic rating of 1 from the original 1972 study that tested raw ingredients under occlusion on rabbit ears. This system is not standardized or peer-reviewed, and using the raw ingredients is very different from how diluted cosmetic formulations are used on human skin.
A comedogenic rating of 1 means it is "unlikely to clog pores" according to the original rating system.
The overall formula of a product matters more than the individual ingredients on whether or not it will cause clogged pores.
Water. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Xanthan gum is used as a stabilizer and thickener within cosmetic products. It helps give products a sticky, thick feeling - preventing them from being too runny.
On the technical side of things, xanthan gum is a polysaccharide - a combination consisting of multiple sugar molecules bonded together.
Xanthan gum is a pretty common and great ingredient. It is a natural, non-toxic, non-irritating ingredient that is also commonly used in food products.