Paula's Choice Skin Balancing - Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum

Paula's Choice Skin Balancing - Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum Paula's Choice Skin Balancing - Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum ingredients explained: Cyclopentasiloxane, Isododecane, Cyclohexasiloxane, Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate, Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Retinyl Palmitate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Tocopheryl Acetate, Retinol, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Astaxanthin, Bisabolol, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Extract, Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract, Camellia Oleifera (Green Tea) Leaf Extract, Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract, Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract, Ginkgo Biloba (Ginkgo) Leaf Extract, Calluna Vulgaris (Heather) Extract, Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract, Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract, Betula Alba (Birch) Bark Extract, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Silica, Phenoxyethanol Show all ingredients by function Cyclopentasiloxane emollient, solvent Isododecane Cyclohexasiloxane Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate emollient Dimethicone Crosspolymer viscosity controlling Retinyl Palmitate cell-communicating ingredient 1-3, 1-3 Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride Tocopheryl Acetate antioxidant 0, 0 Retinol superstar Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate antioxidant, skin brightening goodie Astaxanthin Bisabolol soothing Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Extract Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract antioxidant, soothing Camellia Oleifera (Green Tea) Leaf Extract Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract antioxidant, antimicrobial/​antibacterial Ginkgo Biloba (Ginkgo) Leaf Extract Calluna Vulgaris (Heather) Extract Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract Betula Alba (Birch) Bark Extract Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil emollient, perfuming 0, 3 Silica Phenoxyethanol preservative A super commonly used 5 unit long, cyclic structured silicone that is water-thin and does not stay on the skin but evaporates from it (called volatile silicone). Similar to other silicones, it gives skin and hair a silky, smooth feel. It's often combined with the non-volatile (i.e. stays on the skin) dimethicone as the two together form a water-resistant, breathable protective barrier on the skin without a negative tacky feel. A clear, colorless and odorless, highly volatile (meaning it does not absorb into the skin but evaporates from it) liquid that's used as an emollient. It gives a nice non-oily light skin feel and it can improve the slip of the formula without leaving a tacky residue behind. It's also popular in make-up products as its volatility makes mascaras and foundations last longer. If that would not be enough, it's also an excellent solvent, and it's a regular not only on the ingredients lists of make-ups but also on makeup removers. A light-feeling, volatile (meaning it does not absorb into the skin but evaporates from it) silicone that gives skin a unique, silky and non-greasy feel. It has excellent spreading properties and leaves no oily residue or build-up. A clear, odorless, very light emollient ester that helps to achieve light textures. It has great spreadability, a good slip, and a silky skin feel. It's ideal to solubilize sunscreen agents and fragrances. It's also touted as a volatile (evaporates from the skin rather than absorbs into it) silicone alternative, especially to replace Cyclomethicone mixes. A high-molecular-weight silicone elastomer (rubber-like elastic material) that is usually blended with a base silicone fluid (such as dimethicone or cyclopentasiloxane) to give the formula a silky smooth feel and to act as a thickening agent. It's an ester form of vitamin A (retinol + palmitic acid) that belongs to the "retinoid family". The retinoid family is pretty much the royal family of skincare, with the king being the FDA-approved anti-aging ingredient tretinoin. Retinol is also a very famous member of the family, but it's like Prince George, two steps away from the throne. Retinyl palmitate will be then Prince Charlotte (George's little sister), quite far (3 steps) away from the throne. By steps, we mean metabolic steps. Tretinoin, aka retinoic acid, is the active ingredient our skin cells can understand and retinyl palmitate (RP) has to be converted by our metabolic machinery to actually do something. The conversion is a 3 step one and looks like this: Expand to read more retinyl palmitate --> retinol -- > retinaldehyde --> all-trans-retinoic acid As we wrote in our lengthy retinol description the problem is that the conversion is not terribly effective. The evidence that RP is still an effective anti-aging ingredient is not very strong, in fact, it's weak. Dr. Leslie Baumann in her fantastic Cosmetic Dermatology book writes that RP is topically ineffective. What's more, the anti-aging effectiveness is not the only q what‑it‑does emollient | solvent irritancy, com. antioxidant | skin brightening antioxidant | soothing antioxidant | antimicrobial/antibacterial emollient | perfuming

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