PCA Skin Nutrient Toner

PCA Skin Nutrient Toner PCA Skin Nutrient Toner ingredients explained: Water/Aqua/Eau, Sucrose, Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin), Propylene Glycol, Lactic Acid, Citric Acid, Octoxynol-9, Fragrance/Parfum, Gluconic Acid, Yeast, Aminoguanidine Hcl, Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil, Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Leaf Oil, Glutathione, Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil, Alcohol Denat, Zinc Salicylate, Aspergillus/Molasses Ferment Filtrate, Glycerin, Potassium Chloride, Benzyl Benzoate, Eugenol, Coumarin, Cinnamal, Isoeugenol, Cinnamyl Alcohol Show all ingredients by function Water/Aqua/Eau solvent Sucrose moisturizer/​humectant, soothing goodie Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Propylene Glycol moisturizer/​humectant, solvent 0, 0 Lactic Acid exfoliant, moisturizer/​humectant, buffering superstar Citric Acid buffering Octoxynol-9 emulsifying, surfactant/​cleansing com.:0-1 Fragrance/Parfum perfuming icky Gluconic Acid chelating, perfuming Yeast moisturizer/​humectant Aminoguanidine Hcl Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Leaf Oil Glutathione Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil Alcohol Denat antimicrobial/​antibacterial, solvent, viscosity controlling Zinc Salicylate antimicrobial/​antibacterial Aspergillus/Molasses Ferment Filtrate Glycerin skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/​humectant Potassium Chloride viscosity controlling Benzyl Benzoate solvent, perfuming, antimicrobial/​antibacterial Eugenol Coumarin Cinnamal Isoeugenol Cinnamyl Alcohol Good old water, aka H2O. The most common skincare ingredient of all. You can usually find it right in the very first spot of the ingredient list, meaning it’s the biggest thing out of all the stuff that makes up the product. It’s mainly a solvent for ingredients that do not like to dissolve in oils but rather in water. Expand to read more Once inside the skin, it hydrates, but not from the outside - putting pure water on the skin (hello long baths!) is drying. One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized (it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed). Like this, the products can stay more stable over time. A type fo sugar, usually refined from cane or beet sugar. On the skin, it has water-binding properties and helps to keep your skin hydrated. We don't have description for this ingredient yet. It's a helper ingredient that improves the freeze-thaw stability of products It's also a solvent, humectant and to some extent a penetration enhancer It has a bad reputation among natural cosmetics advocates but cosmetic scientists and toxicology experts do not agree (read more in the geeky details section) It’s the second most researched AHA after glycolic acid It gently lifts off dead skin cells to reveal newer, fresher, smoother skin It also has amazing skin hydrating properties In higher concentration (10% and up) it improves skin firmness, thickness and wrinkles Choose a product where you know the concentration and pH value because these two greatly influence effectiveness Don’t forget to use your sunscreen (in any case but especially so next to an AHA product) Citric acid comes from citrus fruits and is an AHA. If these magic three letters don’t tell you anything, click here and read our detailed description on glycolic acid, the most famous AHA. So citric acid is an exfoliant, that can - just like other AHAs - gently lift off the dead skin cells of your skin and make it more smooth and fresh. There is also some research showing that citric acid with regular use (think three months and 20% concentration) can help sun-damaged skin, increase skin thickness and some nice hydrating things called glycosaminoglycans in the skin. But according to a comparative study done in 1995, citric acid has less skin improving magic properties than glycolic or lactic acid. Probably that’s why citric acid is usually not used as an exfoliant but more as a helper ingredient in small amounts to adjust the pH of a formulation. Exactly what it sounds: nice smelling stuff put into cosmetic products so that the end product also smells nice. Fragrance in the US and parfum in the EU is a generic term on the ingredient list that is made up of 30 to 50 chemicals on average (but it can have as much as 200 components!). If you are someone who likes to know what you put on your face then fragrance is not your best friend - there's no way to know what’s really in it. Also, if your skin is sensitive, fragrance is again not your best friend. what‑it‑does moisturizer/humectant | soothing moisturizer/humectant | solvent irritancy, com. exfoliant | moisturizer/humectant | buffering emulsifying | surfactant/cleansing com. 0-1 chelating | perfuming moisturizer/humectant antimicrobial/antibacterial | solvent | viscosity controlling antimicrobial/antibacterial skin-identical ingredient | moisturizer/humectant solvent | perfuming | antimicrobial/antibacterial

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