PCA Skin Nutrient Toner

PCA Skin Nutrient Toner PCA Skin Nutrient Toner ingredients explained: Water/Aqua/Eau, Lactobacillus/Pumpkin Ferment Extract, Sucrose, Lactic Acid, Propylene Glycol, Citric Acid, Glutathione, Aminoguanidine Hcl, Yeast, Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Leaf Oil, Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil, Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil, Alcohol Denat Show all ingredients by function Water/Aqua/Eau solvent Lactobacillus/Pumpkin Ferment Extract exfoliant goodie Sucrose moisturizer/​humectant, soothing Lactic Acid exfoliant, moisturizer/​humectant, buffering superstar Propylene Glycol moisturizer/​humectant, solvent 0, 0 Citric Acid buffering Glutathione Aminoguanidine Hcl Yeast moisturizer/​humectant Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Leaf Oil perfuming Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil Alcohol Denat antimicrobial/​antibacterial, solvent, viscosity controlling icky Good old water, aka H2O. The most common skincare ingredient of all. You can usually find it right in the very first spot of the ingredient list, meaning it’s the biggest thing out of all the stuff that makes up the product. It’s mainly a solvent for ingredients that do not like to dissolve in oils but rather in water. Expand to read more Once inside the skin, it hydrates, but not from the outside - putting pure water on the skin (hello long baths!) is drying. One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized (it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed). Like this, the products can stay more stable over time. When you hear pumpkin you probably think of Halloween or autumn, but it turns out that many forms of pumpkin are also great skincare ingredients. This particular form is obtained by fermenting the pumpkin fruit with lactobacillus lactis. During the fermentation, many of the complex biomolecules are broken down into isolated phytochemicals and selective filtration techniques are used to isolate the proteolytic parts. The result is pumpkin enzyme that is a gentle exfoliator that can be an alternative to AHAs. According to the manufacturer, 4% glycolic acid has a similar effect on cell renewal as 5% pumpkin enzyme. In an irritation test, the ingredient did not irritate even the sensitive eye tissue and was hardly more irritating than glycerin. All in all, pumpkin enzyme seems to be a promising gentle alternative to acid exfoliation. A type fo sugar, usually refined from cane or beet sugar. On the skin, it has water-binding properties and helps to keep your skin hydrated. It’s the second most researched AHA after glycolic acid It gently lifts off dead skin cells to reveal newer, fresher, smoother skin It also has amazing skin hydrating properties In higher concentration (10% and up) it improves skin firmness, thickness and wrinkles Choose a product where you know the concentration and pH value because these two greatly influence effectiveness Don’t forget to use your sunscreen (in any case but especially so next to an AHA product) It's a helper ingredient that improves the freeze-thaw stability of products It's also a solvent, humectant and to some extent a penetration enhancer It has a bad reputation among natural cosmetics advocates but cosmetic scientists and toxicology experts do not agree (read more in the geeky details section) Citric acid comes from citrus fruits and is an AHA. If these magic three letters don’t tell you anything, click here and read our detailed description on glycolic acid, the most famous AHA. So citric acid is an exfoliant, that can - just like other AHAs - gently lift off the dead skin cells of your skin and make it more smooth and fresh. There is also some research showing that citric acid with regular use (think three months and 20% concentration) can help sun-damaged skin, increase skin thickness and some nice hydrating things called glycosaminoglycans in the skin. But ac what‑it‑does moisturizer/humectant | soothing exfoliant | moisturizer/humectant | buffering moisturizer/humectant | solvent irritancy, com. moisturizer/humectant antimicrobial/antibacterial | solvent | viscosity controlling

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